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Table of Contents

Detailed Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction and Research Approach
	1.1. Problem statement and Research Objectives
	1.2. The Trend toward Environmental Stewardship
	1.3. Scope of Study and Definition of Environmental Stewardship Practices
	1.4. Research Approach
	1.5. Research Uses
	1.6. Disclaimer/Limitation of Liability
Chapter 2: Organizational Environmental Stewardship Practices
	2.1. DOT Environmental Policies and Mission Statements
			Standards and Performance Measures for Environmental Policy Statements
			Approaches to and Highlights from DOT Environmental Policy and Mission Statements
	2.2. Environmental Strategic Planning at Transportation Agencies
		2.2.1 Staying Abreast of Legal and Other Requirements
			On-line Legal and Regulatory Resources
			Mass Highway's Process for Staying Current on Environmental Requirements
			Standards and Performance Measures for Organizational Awareness of Legal and Other Requirements
		2.2.2 Identifying Environmental Aspects or Impacts of Operations
			Sample EMS Aspects Analysis Format
			Washington State DOT's Activity/Impact Analysis
			NHDOT's Process for Identifying Significant Environmental Aspects of Operations—Traffic Bureau
			PennDOT's Analysis of Environmental Aspects of Operations
			NSW RTA Environmental Assessment of Construction, Operation, and Maintenance Activities
			Standards and Performance Measures for Identifying Environmental Aspects and Impacts
		2.2.3 Organization Wide Strategic Planning for the Environment
			New York State DOT's Environmental Initiative
			MDSHA Environmental Strategic Plan and Management Systems
			Delaware DOT's Plan to Support Smart Growth and Implement a "Livable Delaware"
			NCDOT's Use of Baldrige as an Environmental Management Framework
			Environmental Strategic Planning at PennDOT via the Strategic Environmental Management Program (SEMP)
			New Brunswick, Canada, DOT Strategic Plan and Environmental Protection Plan
			New South Wales, Australia Roads & Traffic Authority Strategic Plan and EMS
			Resources Developed by DOTs for Environmental Management Systems
	2.3. Setting Objectives and Targets & Tracking Environmental Commitments
		2.3.1 Establishing Environmental Objectives and Targets
			MDSHA Environmental Objectives and Targets
			PennDOT's Targets, Scorecards and Dashboards
			Standards for Establishing Environmental Objectives and Targets
		2.3.2 Environmental Commitment Tracking Through Construction & Maintenance
			DOT "Green Sheets" and the Emergence of Electronic Commitment Tracking Systems
			South Carolina DOT Interdisciplinary Accountability Teams
			New Jersey DOT Environmental Re-evaluation Checklists, Meetings, and Construction Field Reviews
			Kentucky Transportation Cabinet "Communicating All Promises (CAP)"
			Indiana DOT Environmental Compliance Certification
			New York State DOT Environmental Commitment and Obligations Package for Construction (ECOPAC)
			Caltrans' Environmental Commitment Tracking
			MDSHA Environmental Compliance/Consideration Checklists and Independent Environmental Monitors
			Washington State DOT EMS and Construction Compliance Program
			Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission Database for Tracking Environmental Commitments
			NCDOT Environmental Control Teams, Field Monitoring, and Permits on the Web
			Texas DOT Environmental Tracking System
			Colorado DOT Region 6 Environmental Commitment Tracking Database
			FHWA's Domestic Scan on Environmental Commitment Implementation and Lessons Learned
	2.4. Environmental Management Systems
		2.4.1 Why EMS for DOTs?
		2.4.2 Benefits of EMS ? Improved Environmental Performance& Predictability
			Improve Environmental Stewardship
			Implement Leadership and Agency Objectives
			Enhanced Credibility with External Stakeholders
			Improved Relationships with Regulatory Agencies
			Improving Compliance and Eliminating Violations
			Streamlining Regulatory Responsibilities
			Cost Savings
			Improving Environmental Performance: Indicators, Protection, and Enhancements
			Economic Incentives, Including Reduced Liability
			Other Organizational/Operational Benefits
			Helping DOTs Respond to the Challenges They Face
		2.4.3 EMS and the ISO 14001 Standard
		2.4.4 Gap Analysis: What Do You Have Already That Could Be Part of an EMS?
		2.4.5 U.S. Resource Centers for EMS Development
	2.5. Operational Controls, Procedures, and Practices
		2.5.1 Procedures and Manuals
			New York State DOT Environmental Handbook for Transportation Operations
			Mass Highway's Facility Environmental Handbook
			North Carolina DOT BMPs for Construction and Maintenance Activities
			Oregon DOT Right-of-Way BMP Manual
			Standards & Measures for Implementing Environmental Programs & Process Improvements: ISO 14001 Practices
		2.5.2 Standards for Evaluating Procedures
			Standards and Measures for Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures
			FHWA and AASHTO On-Line Clearinghouse for DOT Specifications
		2.5.3 Construction and Maintenance Decision Support Systems
			Roadkill Data and Habitat Linkage Area Assessment, with Feedback to Design
			Maintenance Facilities Management and Auditing
			Stormwater Facility Evaluation and Prioritization of Improvements
			Culvert and Fish Passage Evaluation and Prioritization of Improvements
			Selection of Appropriate Environmental Measures
			Field Compliance Management
			Roadside Vegetation Management
			Winter Operations
	2.6. Measuring Environmental Performance
			Special Challenges with Environmental Measures
			Individual Performance Accountability
		2.6.1 Program Measures for DOT Environmental Process Improvement Efforts, EMS, and Strategic Plans
			Six Pillars at Oregon DOT
			New York State DOT Initiative Tracking and Participation in State Pollution Prevention Audits
			Maine DOT's EMS Performance Measures
			North Carolina DOT's Delegated Sediment and Erosion Control Program
			New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department Environmental Measures
			New Brunswick DOT, Canada, Environmental Measures
			Pennsylvania DOT SEMP Maintenance Performance Measures
			WSDOT's Maintenance Accountability Process and Environmental Factors
		2.6.2 Measuring Environmental Outcomes
			Washington State DOT's Success Standards for Wetlands Restoration
			NCDOT's Ecosystem Enhancement Program
		2.6.3 Utilizing a Combination of Program and Environmental Indicators
			Maryland State Highway Administration Environmental Outcome & Program Performance Measures
			Washington State DOT's Environmental Indicators and Public Reporting
			State Environmental Agency Reporting on the State of the Environment
			Canada's Sustainable Transportation Indicators
		2.6.4 Environmental Auditing
			New South Wales Construction Auditing Program
			New Jersey DOT Construction Audits, Contractor Performance Rating System, and Environmental Factors
			New York State DOT Environmental Auditing and Self-Reporting
			Maine DOT's Environmental Audit Program
			Mass Highway's Compliance Tracking and Self-Audit Programs
			Mississippi DOT Maintenance Facility Auditing Program
			PennDOT Stockpile Audits and Award Program
			Missouri Contractor Performance Measures and Evaluation
			Standards and Measures of Environmental Performance Audit Programs
			Standards and Measures for Nonconformance Detection and Corrective and Preventive Action
			Standards and Performance Evaluation for Monitoring and Measurement
	2.7. Environmental Staffing, Roles, and Responsibilities
		2.7.1 Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities to Ensure Environmental Performance
			Mass Highway District Environmental Roles and Responsibilities and Associated Training
			PennDOT Environmental Role and Responsibility Identification for SEMP Implementation
			Caltrans Construction Compliance and Stormwater Roles and Responsibilities
		2.7.2 Staffing: Environmental Support for Construction & Maintenance
			Mn/DOT and WSDOT Environmental Staff Supporting Maintenance & Operations
			NCDOT's Environmental Coordinators in the Field
			Indiana DOT's Environmental Compliance Coordinator
			Virginia DOT's Residency Environmental Specialists for Maintenance
			NYSDOT Construction & Maintenance Environmental Coordinators
	2.8. Environmental Training and Certification
		2.8.1 Competency-Based Training Systems
			PennDOT's Transportation University
			Caltrans Work Breakdown System
		2.8.2 Environmental Training for Construction and Maintenance
			Alabama DOT's Waste Management and Hazardous Materials Awareness Training
			Oregon DOT Environmental Outreach and Training for Maintenance Staff
			Montana (MDT) Environmental Training for Maintenance Field Staff
			Caltrans Environmental & Equipment Training for Construction and Maintenance
			VTrans Regional Environmental Training Workshops for Construction Staff
			VTrans Environmental Training for Maintenance
			Mississippi DOT Maintenance Training for Facility Environmental Compliance and Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
			WSDOT Environmental Training for Construction Inspection and Maintenance
			Nova Scotia Department of Transportation & Public Works Short EMS Toolbox Meetings
			WSDOT Training Partnership with Local Governments and Other Transportation Professionals to Deliver Statewide Training and Certification
			KYTC Environmental Leadership Training
			Contractor Outreach and Training
		2.8.3 Train the Trainer Programs
			PennDOT's Instructor Development Program for Internal Subject Experts
			NYSDOT's Training Pipeline for Environmental Coordinators, Construction, & Maintenance Staff
			Qualities to Consider in Identifying and Growing Good Instructors
		2.8.4 Recommended Practices in Implementing Adult Learning Programs that Benefit Construction and Maintenance
			Tailgate Resources: Pocket Guides and Bulletins
			Standards and Measures for Training, Awareness, and Competency Programs
		2.8.5 On the Job Training? Promoting Continuous Learning in the Workplace
		2.8.6 Contractor Certification Programs
			Virginia DOT Specification and Certification for Erosion Control Contractors
			Maine's Voluntary Contractor Certification Program
			WSDOT Partnership with AGC to Deliver Statewide Training and Certification
			Iowa DOT Certification for Construction Inspection, Material Testing, and Spill Prevention
			Certifications Provided by Private Associations
		2.8.7 Sources of Training, Materials, and Information
			State Transportation Agency Training Programs
			Pooled Fund Cooperative (SICOP) and On-Line Programs
			Transportation Curriculum Coordination Council
			National Highway Institute
			Local Technology Assistance Centers
			University Transportation Research Centers
			Listservs
	2.9. Regional DOT Stewardship Practice Exchange & Discussion
Chapter 3: Designing for Environmental Stewardship in Construction & Maintenance
	3.1. Beyond Mitigation: Projects to Achieve Environmental Goals
		3.1.1 Environmental Betterments and Dual Purpose Projects
			Dual Purpose Projects at Caltrans
			NYSDOT's Guidelines and Procedures for Environmental Betterments
		3.1.2 Maintaining or Improving the Natural Environment as Transportation is Built
		3.1.3 Cultural Resource Enhancement Efforts
	3.2. Context Sensitive Design/Solutions
		3.2.1 State DOT CSD/CSS Policies, Plans, Guidelines, Agreements, Training, and Examples
		3.2.2 Context Sensitive Design/Solutions References and Resources
		3.2.3 Designing for Rapid Construction/Renewal
	3.3. Avoiding Impacts to Historic Sites
		3.3.1 Archaeological Sites
	3.4. Designing to Accommodate Wildlife, Habitat Connectivity, and Safe Crossings
		3.4.1 Identifying Locations for Wildlife Crossings
		3.4.2 Monitoring Wildlife Crossings
		3.4.3 Wildlife Crossing Research, Resources, and Techniques
		3.4.4 State DOT Initiatives to Address Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Needs in Planning and Design
			Maine DOT Initiatives to Limit Disruption of Habitat and Transportation Related Wildlife Mortality
			Caltrans Interchange Removal and Partnership to Identify and Address Habitat Connectivity Needs
			Florida DOT Partnership to Determine and Prioritize Connectivity Needs and Contribute to "Green Infrastructure"
			New Hampshire DOT's Pilot Project for Identifying Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife Crossing Needs
			Maryland SHA's Net Gain Wetland Mitigation Policy & Contribution to Regional Restoration/Connectivity Goals
			VTrans Habitat Connectivity Training
			VTrans Habitat Linkage Area Assessment
		3.4.5 Maintenance and Management of Created, Modified, or Restored Habitat
	3.5. Culverts and Fish Passage
		3.5.1 Forms of Stream Crossings
		3.5.2 Bridges versus Culverts
		3.5.3 Potential Adverse Impacts of River and Stream Crossings
		3.5.4 Stream Crossing Design Considerations
			Collecting Adequate Survey Information
			Designing for Target Species
			Avoiding Channel Constriction
			Energy Dissipation at Culvert Exits
			Other Hydraulic Considerations
			Mitigating Fish Passage Effects through Culvert Design Modifications
			Measures for Non-Embedded Culverts
			Other General Recommendations
		3.5.5 Design Methods for New and Replacement Culverts
			Active Channel Design Method
			Stream Simulation Design Method
			Hydraulic Design Method
			Structural Design and Flood Capacity
		3.5.6 Culvert Evaluation for Fish Passage and Ranking for Remediation Efforts
		3.5.7 DOT Practice and Design Guidance for Culvert Installation, Design, and Prioritization for Fish Passage
			Alaska Programmatic Agreement for Fish Passage Improvements
			Maine DOT's Fish Passage Policy and Design Guide
			Oregon DOT Culvert Retrofit and Replacement Program Agreement
			WSDOT Fish Passage Improvements on a System and Project-by-Project Basis
			MDSHA Incorporates Stream Morphology Concepts in Culvert Design
			Alberta Transportation Practices and Measures for Protection of Fish & Aquatic Ecosystems
		3.5.8 Resource Agency and Other Design Guidance for Fish Passage
		3.5.9 Post-Construction Evaluation and Long Term Maintenance and Assessment
	3.6. Stream Restoration and Bioengineering
		3.6.1 Planning Considerations for Stream Restoration and Bioengineering
			Information Requirements
		3.6.2 Coordination and Communication on Bioengineering Projects
		3.6.3 Available Guidebooks and Research in Progress
		3.6.4 Bioengineering Technique Selection
		3.6.5 Bank Protection and Stabilization Techniques
			Riprap
			Gabions
			Toe Protection
			Vegetated Concrete Blocks
			Live Crib Walls
			Root Wads
			Live Staking
			Large Woody Debris
			Live Fascines
			Brush Layering or Branch Packing
			Brush Mattresses
			Coir Fiber Logs
			Ditch Lining, Turf Reinforcement Mats, and Geocellular Containment Systems
			Other Vegetative Streambank Stabilization and Bank Protection Practices
			Borrow
			Drains and Trenches
			Wire Mesh/Cable Net Slope Protection
		3.6.6 River Training and Channel Rehabilitation Techniques
			Grade Control Structures
			Log and Check Dams
			Flow Deflection/Concentration Practices
			Stream Deflectors
			Vanes
			Bendway Weirs
			Boulder Placement In-Stream for Habitat Creation
			Other Flow Redirection Techniques
		3.6.7 Stream Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring
	3.7. Design Guidance for Stormwater and Erosion & Sedimentation Control
			Federally Sponsored Stormwater BMP Manuals
			Guidance on Low Volume Road Design
			State Sponsored Stormwater BMP Manuals
	3.8. Drainage Ditches, Berms, Dikes, and Swales
			Design and Construction Considerations and Practices for Ditches, Dikes, and Swales
			Slope Diversions for Intercepting Stormwater
			Level Spreaders
	3.9. Design for Sustainable, Low Maintenance Roadsides
		3.9.1 Pre-Construction Soil Considerations
			Plans, Specifications, and Estimate (PS&E) for Soil Preparation
		3.9.2 Planning for Native Vegetation and Consistent Roadside Design
			WisDOT Uses STURRA to Fund the Ongoing Use and Preservation of Native Plants
			WSDOT's Roadside Classification Plan
		3.9.3 Designing for Salt Resistant Vegetation
	3.10. Designing to Reduce Snow, Ice, and Chemical Accumulation
		3.10.1 Designing Roads to Minimize Snow Drift
		3.10.2 Designing Snow Fences
			Snow Fence Site Design and Placement Tools
			Plastic Snow Fence Research Results
			Living Snow Fence
		3.10.3 Designing Drainage to Minimize Anti-Icing and Deicing Impacts to Natural Resources
			Structural Roadside BMPs to Control Deicing and Anti-Icing Chemical and Abrasive Laden Runoff
		3.10.4 Snow Disposal and Snow Storage Site Design
			Control of Chloride through Detention and Dilution
			Control of Particulates and Subsequent Mobilization of Metals and PAHs
			Environmental Stewardship Practices in Design and Operation of Snow Storage Sites
	3.11. Designing to Minimize Air Quality Problems
		3.11.1 Center for Environmental Excellence by AASHTO Air Quality Resources
		3.11.2 New England Governors & Eastern Canadian Premiers Greenhouse Gas Reduction Initiatives
		3.11.3 Promoting Carpooling and Transit
			Georgia DOT HOV Land Promotion
			Virginia DOT Commuter Choice Program
			Transit Promotion Activities
		3.11.4 Promoting Telecommuting
		3.11.5 Bicycling Promotion Activities
			Virginia DOT Bicycle Facility Guidelines
			NCDOT Commitment to Integrating Bicycle and Walking into Transportation System and Long-Range Plan
			Maryland DOT Bicycle Safety and Operations Guidelines
			TAC Bicycle Traffic Pavement Marking Guidelines
		3.11.6 ITS Facilitated Air Quality Improvement in Ohio and Kentucky
		3.11.7 Funding for Air Quality Improvement: The Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality Program (CMAQ)
			CMAQ Strategy Cost Per Pound of Emissions Reduced
			State DOT CMAQ Measures and Strategies
			Strategies to Enhance the Role of State DOTs in Supporting Cost-Effective Alternative Mode Strategies
		3.11.8 Tree Shading for Emissions Reduction
	3.12. Design and Specification for Recycling
		3.12.1 The Growing Need for and Importance of Waste Minimization and Recycling
		3.12.2 Common Recycling Applications in the U.S. and Europe
		3.12.3 General Recommendations for DOTs with Regard to Recycling and Waste Management
		3.12.4 Life Cycle Cost-Benefit Analysis
		3.12.5 Areas for Recycling Applications
		3.12.6 Specifications for Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications
	3.13. Designing to Minimize Noise
		3.13.1 Noise Effects and Regulation
			Effects of Highway Noise on People
			Effects of Noise from Roads on Birds and Terrestrial Wildlife
			Effects of Noise from Pile Driving during Construction
		3.13.2 Designing for Roadway/Traffic Noise Source Control
			Pavement Alterations to Reduce Roadway Noise
			Traffic Noise Barriers
			Receptor Controls
			Noise Reduction Resources, Research, and Research Needs
	3.14. Lighting Control/Minimization
		3.14.1 Public and DOT Interest in Lighting Control/Minimization
		3.14.2 Environmental Impacts of Overlighting
		3.14.3 Recent and Upcoming Guides in Lighting Design
		3.14.4 Common Lighting Approaches and Deciding How Much Light Is Enough
			Arizona DOT Research to Improve Lighting Practices
			Comparison of Lighting Sources, Issues, and Costs
			Florida DOT's Coastal Roadway Lighting Manual
			Lighting Environmental Stewardship Practices
			FDOT's Embedded Roadway Lighting Study
			Caltrans Light Minimization Efforts
			Tennessee DOT Light Reduction and Maintenance Cost Savings
	3.15. Design for Sustainability and Energy Conservation
			New York City Transit's Green Building and Design for the Environment Programs
			Design for Efficient Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning of Facilities
			Design for Lighting Conservation
	3.16. Safety Rest Areas, Traveler Services, and Parking Area Design
		3.16.1 Planning for Conservation in Rest Area Design
			Vegetated/Bioinfiltration Swales in Parking Facility Design
			Permeable Pavements
			Porous Concrete Pavement
Chapter 4: Construction Practices for Environmental Stewardship
	4.1. General Construction Site Stewardship Practices
	4.2. Work Area
		4.2.1 Preparing Access and Staging Areas
		4.2.2 Construction Phasing, Sequencing, or Acceleration
		4.2.3 Preserving Local Fish and Wildlife through Attention to Timing Restrictions
		4.2.4 Accelerated Construction
		4.2.5 Pre-Contract and Pre-Construction Activities
	4.3. Construction Involving Historic Properties and/or Other Cultural Resources
		4.3.1 Common Procedures Established for Construction in Areas Involving Historic Properties or Other Cultural Resources
		4.3.2 Discovery of Historic Properties or Other Cultural Resources During Construction
	4.4. Construction in and around Drainage Areas and Streams, Wetlands, and Other Environmentally Sensitive Areas
		4.4.1 Wetlands and Riparian Areas
		4.4.2 Vegetation Protection
		4.4.3 Fish & Wildlife Protection
			Migratory Birds, including Bald Eagles
			Removal of Beaver Dams
		4.4.4 Stewardship Considerations to Avoid Watercourse Contamination
		4.4.5 State Resources and Fact Sheets for Stream Crossings
		4.4.6 Erosion Control in Environmentally Sensitive Areas
	4.5. Erosion and Sedimentation Control
		4.5.1 Regulatory Requirements
			Preventing the Imposition of Numeric Effluent Limits
			Programmatic Approaches to Standards Attainment
			Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan – Considerations & Components
		4.5.2 Manuals for Stormwater and Erosion & Sedimentation Control
		4.5.3 Procedural Management Practices for Water Quality
		4.5.4 Dewatering and Managing the Watercourse
			Dewatering
			Flow Diversion
			Cofferdams
			Turbidity Curtains
			Other Slope Stabilization and Drainage Techniques
			Managing Excavated Material or Spoil
		4.5.5 Interception
			Reducing Slope Length for Erosion Control
			Fiber Rolls
			Gravel Bags
			Triangular Filter Dike
			Strawbale Barriers
			Geotextiles, Mats/Plastic Covers and Erosion Control Blankets
			Inlet Protection Information:
		4.5.6 Infiltration - Sediment Basins and Traps
			Sediment Basins
			Sediment Trap
			Check Dams
			Sandbag Barrier
			Rock Berm
			Maintenance of Sediment Basins and Traps
		4.5.7 Vegetative Erosion Control
		4.5.8 Wind Erosion Control
		4.5.9 Sediment Tracking Prevention
			Stabilizing Construction Entrances/Exits
			Inspecting Adjacent Roads
			Entrance/Outlet Tire Wash
			Combining Recycling and Effective Erosion and Water Quality Control
		4.5.10 Erosion Control Structure Removal
		4.5.11 New Technologies
		4.5.12 Performance Monitoring Systems and Specifications for Contractors
			WSDOT Water Quality Sampling Protocol for Construction Projects
			MDSHA System for 100 Percent Compliance in Construction Erosion & Sedimentation Control
			NCDOT Delegated Erosion and Sedimentation Control Performance Tracking
			Automated Instream Monitoring at NCDOT
			Caltrans Construction Inspection Program
			Contractor Disincentive Specs for Inadequate/Improper Installation of BMPs
			WSDOT Application of ISO 14001 to Erosion and Sedimentation Control
			NHDOT Stormwater Quality Retrofits
	4.6. Vehicle Fluid, Fuel, and Washwater Control
		4.6.1 Construction Vehicle Washing Areas
		4.6.2 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling
		4.6.3 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance
		4.6.4 Environmental Impacts of Construction & Repair Materials
	4.7. Air Quality Control Practices
		4.7.1 Diesel Emission Reduction Strategies
			Idling Reduction
			Diesel Engine Retrofits through Fleet Management
			Use of Clean Fuels
			Sample Diesel Emission Controls: The Boston Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) and New Haven Harbor Crossing
		4.7.2 Dust Control in Construction and Maintenance
			Model Air Monitoring and Dust Control Practices on Boston's Central Artery Project
		4.7.3 Practices to Minimize Emissions during Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction
			Guidance for Plant Mix Production and Field Compaction Temperatures of HMA
			Aggregate, RAP, and Anti-Stripping Environmental Stewardship Practices
			HMA Facility Burner Operation and Maintenance Practices for Reducing Emissions
		4.7.4 Minimizing Volatile Organic Compounds from Traffic Paint
	4.8. Noise Minimization
		4.8.1 Underwater Pile Driving Practices and Conservation Measures
		4.8.2 Blasting Practices and Mitigation Measures
		4.8.3 Land-based Construction Noise Control Practices
		4.8.4 Construction Noise Pathway Controls
		4.8.5 Noise Complaint Procedure
	4.9. Materials Storage, Collection, and Spill Prevention on Construction Sites
		4.9.1 Materials Management on Construction Sites
		4.9.2 Materials Storage
		4.9.3 Control of Sediment from Raw Materials Storage Areas
		4.9.4 Collection, Disposal, and Diversion of Waste Materials on Construction Sites
			Practices to Retain and Avoid Toxic Runoff From Waste Material Storage
			Construction Waste Landfill Diversion
		4.9.5 Spill Prevention and Pollution Control for Hazardous Materials
	4.10. Vegetation Management in Construction
		4.10.1 General Weed Prevention Practices for Site-Disturbing Projects in Construction
		4.10.2 Potential Construction Contract Wording and Measures for Invasive Species Control
		4.10.3 Review and Pretreatment of Construction and Materials Sites
		4.10.4 Protection of Native Populations
		4.10.5 Vehicle Cleaning Practices
		4.10.6 Revegetation
		4.10.7 Shoulder Grading
		4.10.8 Revegetation and Vegetation Salvage Plan
		4.10.9 Site Preparation
	4.11. Soil Management in Construction
		4.11.1 Earthwork and Soil Management
		4.11.2 Contouring
		4.11.3 Subgrade Preparation and Landscape Excavation
		4.11.4 Topsoil Preservation
		4.11.5 Top Soil Specification for Imported Topsoil
	4.12. Establishing Vegetation at Construction Sites
		4.12.1 Establishing Native Grasses and Forbs
		4.12.2 Inspection of Nursery Stock
		4.12.3 Seed Selection and Specification
		4.12.4 Seeding Methods, Considering Texture and Size
			Drop, Drill, and Broadcast Seeding Methods
			Hydroseeding
		4.12.5 Mulches
		4.12.6 Fertilizer
		4.12.7 Irrigation
		4.12.8 Vegetation Establishment on Steep Cut Slopes
		4.12.9 Monitoring and Evaluating Vegetation Establishment during Construction
		4.12.10 Performance Measures for Vegetation Establishment
Chapter 5: Pavement, Materials, and Recycling
	5.1. Preventative Maintenance and Pavement Management Systems
	5.2. Stormwater Management in Paving Operations, Grinding, and Pavement Maintenance
			Missouri DOT Guidelines for Preventing Discharge from Diamond Grinding Operations
	5.3. Flexible Pavement/Asphalt
		5.3.1 Asphalt Cement Crack and Joint Grinding and Digouts/Structural Repair
		5.3.2 Asphalt Paving
		5.3.3 Emergency Pothole Repairs
		5.3.4 Sealing Operations
		5.3.5 Asphalt Equipment Cleaning
		5.3.6 Pavement Disposal
	5.4. Concrete Installation and Repair
		5.4.1 Portland Cement Crack, Patch, and Sealing
		5.4.2 Mudjacking and Drilling
		5.4.3 Concrete Installation and Slab and Spall Repair
		5.4.4 Further Practices for Preventing Contamination from Concrete Washout
	5.5. Pavement Marking
		5.5.1 Practices for Specific Types of Pavement Marking
			Paint Striping and Marking
			Raised/Recessed Pavement Marker Application and Removal
		5.5.2 General Environmental Stewardship Practices for Pavement Marking
		5.5.3 Removing Traffic Stripe and Pavement Marking
	5.6. Curb and Sidewalk Repair
	5.7. Recycling in Pavement and Roadside Appurtenances
		5.7.1 Recycling in the Aggregate Industry and Pavement Construction
		5.7.2 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)
			Practices in Use of RAP
			Use of RAP in Superpave
			In-Situ Hot Mixes: Cold In-Place Recycling and Hot In-Place Recycling
		5.7.3 Recycled Concrete Material/Aggregate (RCM/RCA)
			State DOT Experiences with RCA
			Use of Recycled Concrete as Aggregate in PCC Pavements
			Reclaimed Concrete Aggregate for Unbound Soil-Aggregate Base Course
		5.7.4 Recycled Roofing Shingles
			State DOT Experiences with Use of Recycled Roofing Shingles
		5.7.5 Fly Ash
			Fly Ash in PCC
			Fly Ash in Stabilized Base Course or Pozzolanic-Stabilized Mixtures (PSMs)
			Fly Ash as a Flexible Base
			Fly Ash in Flowable Fill
			Fly Ash in Soil Improvement
			Fly Ash in Asphalt Pavements and in Pavement Subsealing
			Fly Ash in Structural Fills/Embankments
		5.7.6 Foundry Sand
		5.7.7 Glass Aggregate/Cullet
		5.7.8 Steel Slag
		5.7.9 Scrap Iron Use for Steel Reinforcement
		5.7.10 Wet Bottom Ash and Boiler Slag
		5.7.11 Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Waste
		5.7.12 Tire/Rubber Scraps
			Asphalt Rubber/Rubber Pavements
			Embankment and Retaining Wall Construction
			Rubber Spacer Blocks in Crash Barriers
			Rubber Buffings for Bridge Approach Expansion Joints
			Rubber Tires to Control Vegetation around Guardrails and Signposts
			Rubber Posts for Traffic Delineation and Channelization
		5.7.13 Plastics
			Plastics in Asphalt
			Recycled-Plastic Lumber in Noise Barriers, Posts, Guardrails, and Reinforcing Materials
			Plastics in Piles and Bridge Fenders
		5.7.14 Aluminum Sign Recycling and Chromate Coating Elimination
	5.8. Maintenance of Dirt and Gravel Roads
		5.8.1 Partnerships to Identify and Address the Most Pressing Erosion Problem Areas
		5.8.2 Tools and Techniques for Erosion Reduction/Prevention
Chapter 6: Maintenance Facilities Management
	6.1. Planning and Prioritizing Environmental Improvements at Maintenance Facilities
		6.1.1 Maintenance Facility Pollution Prevention Plans
		6.1.2 Environmental Information & Management Systems for Maintenance Facilities
			Maine DOT's EMS for Facilities
			Massachusetts Highway's EMS for Facilities Management
			Facility Management in PennDOT District 10 Strategic Environmental Management Program (SEMP)
			New Hampshire DOT's Inventory of Managed Properties
		6.1.3 Facility Siting and Prioritization of Environmental Improvements
			Facility Siting Considerations
			Environmental Data Needed for Evaluation in Facility Siting
			Criteria for Prioritizing Attention to Maintenance Facilities
	6.2. Facility Housekeeping Practices
		6.2.1 General Stormwater Protection Practices at DOT Maintenance Facilities
		6.2.2 Building and Grounds Maintenance
		6.2.3 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance
			Pre-Operation Inspection
			Vehicle Fluid Removal
			Engine and Parts Cleaning
			Cleaning Up Spills of Vehicle and Equipment Fluids
		6.2.4 Sediment Control at Maintenance Facilities
			Evaluation of Exposed Soil Areas at Maintenance Facilities
			Implementation of Appropriate Erosion and Sediment Control at the Facility
			Inspection and Cleaning
		6.2.5 Materials Management at Maintenance Facilities
			Stockpile and Materials Management Practices and Procedures
		6.2.6 PennDOT Salt Stockpile Management, Stockpile Academy, and Quality Assurance Program
			Material Delivery and Storage
			Proper Handling and Use
		6.2.7 Waste Management
			Waste Determination
			Hazardous Waste Management Practices
			Non-Hazardous Industrial Wastes
			Non-Hazardous Solid Wastes
			Specialty Waste Disposal Procedures
			Specific Guidance for Certain Waste Management Issues
		6.2.8 Drum/Container Management
			Drum/Container labeling
			Drum/Container purchasing
			Recycling, Reuse, and Disposal of Used Drums/Containers
		6.2.9 Spills and Leaks
			Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning
			Communication and Training for Emergency Preparedness and Response
			Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plans
			Finding and Resolving Illicit Connections, Illicit Discharge, and Illegal Dumping
			DOT Contribution to Local Spill Prevention Initiatives
		6.2.10 Ventilation and Exhaust Systems at Maintenance Facilities
		6.2.11 Facility Inspection and Reinspection to Achieve Environmental Goals and Continuous Improvement
	6.3. Yard and Floor Drain Management
		6.3.1 Procedural Practices and Other Non-Structural BMPs
			Stormwater/Washwater BMPs for Surface Runoff
			Structural BMPs
		6.3.2 Floor Drain Management
			Management of Oil/Water Separators
			Management of High Risk Effluent
			Management of Low Risk Effluent
			Floor Drain Maintenance and Sludge Removal
			Holding Tanks and Maintenance
			Leaks into Floor Drains
		6.3.3 Vehicle Washing
			Design and Operation of Washing Facilities
			Recycling Wash Water
	6.4. Energy Conservation
		6.4.1 Planning for Energy Conservation
		6.4.2 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
		6.4.3 Lighting Efficiency
		6.4.4 Computer Equipment
	6.5. Under and Above-Ground Storage Tanks
			Tank Registration Practices
			Tank Equipment and Recordkeeping Practices
		6.5.1 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling Procedures and Practices
			Bulk Fuel Delivery
			Fueling Area Maintenance
			Refueling Practices
		6.5.2 Stewardship Practices for Known or Suspected Groundwater Contamination On-Site
Chapter 7: Bridge Maintenance
	7.1. Preventative Bridge Maintenance Practices
		7.1.1 Life Cycle Decisionmaking and Accounting for Ecological Risks
			Bridge Inspection and "Smart Bridges" for Preventative Maintenance
			Small Bridge Maintenance Activities that Can Eliminate the Need for Larger In or Over-Stream Work Projects
		7.1.2 Maintaining Drainage from Bridge Decks
		7.1.3 Bridge Cleaning
	7.2. Avoiding and Minimizing Impacts to Fish and Wildlife
		7.2.1 Identifying Opportunities to Avoid and Minimize Impacts
			Oregon DOT's Bridge System Identification of Avoidance and Minimization Opportunities
		7.2.2 Scheduling Maintenance and Improvements to Spend Minimal Time in Sensitive Environments
		7.2.3 Using Pre-Fabricated Bridges to Help Accommodate Stream/Fish Timing Restrictions
			Self-Propelled Modular Bridge Transporters
		7.2.4 Reducing the Space Needed for Large Equipment Access
	7.3. Enhancements to Bridges and Stream Access
		7.3.1 Fishing Access
		7.3.2 Bird and Bat Roosts in Bridges
			Virginia Department of Transportation Program Key in Comeback of Peregrine Falcons
			Protecting and Increasing Bat Roost Habitat in Bridges
			TxDOT Study and Bridge Modifications to Support Bat Usage
			Practices to Incorporate in Design, Construction, and Retrofitting of Bridges for Bats
			Success in Retrofitting Bridges to Accommodate Bats
			Preserving Portions of Old Bridges as Habitat
			Further DOT Efforts to Identify Characteristics and Design Features of Roost Bridges and Conservation Efforts
	7.4. Bridge Painting/Coating/Sealing and Containment Stewardship Practices
		7.4.1 Guidance and Specifications for Bridge Painting, Coatings, and Removal
			Missouri DOT Lead Paint Recycling
		7.4.2 Metallizing
		7.4.3 Overcoating
			Inspecting the Structure and Preparing Equipment
			Surface Preparation
			Blasting Using Recyclable Abrasive
			Closed Abrasive (Vacuum ) Blasting
			SP Levels of Blast Cleaning and Associated Practices to Avoid Current and Future Environmental Impacts
		7.4.4 Paint Selection, Storage, Handling, and Mixing
		7.4.5 Containment and Use of Enclosures
			Components of a Containment System
		7.4.6 Paint Application and Spraying Practices
		7.4.7 Debris Storage
		7.4.8 Quality Assurance and Public Outreach Programs
Chapter 8: Winter Operations and Salt, Sand, and Chemical Management
	8.1. Selecting Snow and Ice Control Materials to Mitigate Environmental Impacts
		8.1.1 Impacts of Salt and Chloride-Based Deicers on the Environment
		8.1.2 Impacts of Acetate Based Deicers on the Environment
		8.1.3 Impacts of Sand/Abrasives on the Environment
		8.1.4 Responding to Public Concerns/Complaints Regarding Contamination
	8.2. Reducing Sand Usage
	8.3. Strategic Planning for Reduced Salt Usage
			Caltrans Salt Reduction Policy and Implementation
			NYSDOT's Salt Reduction Strategy
			PENNDOT District 10 Salt Management "After Action Reviews" and Annual Update of Salt Management Plan
			Ohio DOT Pretreatment, Weather, Decisionmaking, and Routing System
			Transportation Association of Canada Recommended Practices for Developing Salt Management Plans
	8.4. Stewardship Practices for Reducing Salt and Other Chemical Usage
		8.4.1 Shifting to Anti-Icing
			Environmental Benefits and Cost Savings of Shifting to Anti-Icing
			Stewardship Practices to Minimize Anti-Icing Materials Application
			Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS)
		8.4.2 Precision Application to Manage and Reduce Chemical Applications
			Spreaders, Spread Patterns, and Spreader Controls
			Pre-Wetting Solid Materials to Minimize Bounce
			Fixed Automated Spray Technology (FAST)
			Calibration
			Operational Support Equipment
		8.4.3 Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Decision Support in Maintenance Management Systems
			Evaluating Treatment Effectiveness
			Environmental Performance Measures for Winter Operations
			Non-Environmental Performance Measures for Winter Operations
			Bringing It All Together: Michigan Vehicle Retrofits and Management System Partnership
	8.5. Winter Operations Facilities Management
		8.5.1 Materials Storage
		8.5.2 Management of Snow Disposal Sites
			Site Security and Environmental Controls
			Site Management
			Pile and Meltwater Management
			Monitoring
			Site Operation
			Record Keeping
	8.6. Training for Salt Management and Winter Operations
			PENNDOT "Smart Salting" Training and Snow Academy
			NSYDOT Salt Sensitivity Training for Stormfighters, and Snow and Ice Guidelines
Chapter 9: Roadside Vegetation Management
	9.1. Inventory of and Management for Rare Species and Sensitive Resources in the ROW
			Caltrans Biological Management Areas
			Colorado DOT Maintenance Specs and Training for Management of Rare Species in the ROW
			North Carolina Rare Species Management
			Oregon DOT Special Management Areas for Rare Plants
			Oregon DOT GIS-Based Sensitive Resource Inventory
			Washington State Threat-Specific Rare Plant Management
			TxDOT Rare Plant Management Partnership
			Wisconsin DOT Characterization of the Karner Blue Butterfly Habitat in the ROW
			Canadian Practices for Vegetation Preservation from Winter Maintenance
	9.2. Growing Threats Drive Expansion of DOT Invasive Species Practice
		9.2.1 DOT Drivers, Obstacles, and Priorities Point to Areas of Needed Best Practices
		9.2.2 Inadequate Action to Control Invasive Species Creates Heavy Costs
		9.2.3 Utilizing Flexible Funding for Maintenance Planning to Control Invasive Species
	9.3. Practices for Prevention of Roadside Infestations
		9.3.1 Assessment and Management
		9.3.2 Identifying Major Pathways and Managing Risk
			Identifying Aspects of DOT Operations that Promote Invasive
			DOT Example of Environmental Aspect/Risk Identification: NSW RTA Assessment of Construction, Operation, and Maintenance Activities
			Risk Assessment
		9.3.3 Setting Priorities
		9.3.4 Prevention
		9.3.5 Eradication
		9.3.6 Containment
		9.3.7 Early Detection and Rapid Response
			Practices for Effective Early Detection Programs
			Active Detection - Surveys, Data Collection, and Storage
			Effective Rapid Response
	9.4. Statewide Inventory of Invasive or Noxious Species in the ROW and Update of Databases
		9.4.1 Inventory Approaches and Use
			How DOTs Are Using Collected Information
			Inventory/Mapping, Monitoring, and Analysis Resources
			Protection of Native and Rare Planet Communities in the ROW
		9.4.2 Monitoring and Follow-Up
		9.4.3 Information Management and Decision Support Systems in EDRR
			Weed Information Management System (WIMS)
			Utah DOT's RoadVeg GIS System
			PennDOT Roadside Spray Application (RoSA)
			Caltrans GIS for Locating Appropriate Plant Species
			NYSDOT's Plant Database
	9.5. Planning for Invasives Control
		9.5.1 Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management (IRVM)
		9.5.2 Developing IVM or IRVM Plans
			Iowa DOT's IRVM
			Mn/DOT Process for IRVM Planning
			New York State's 6-Step Approach to IVM Planning and Implementation
		9.5.3 Resources for Integrated Vegetation Management Planning
	9.6. Roadside Vegetation Control Methods and Resources
		9.6.1 General vs. Species Specific Control Methods
		9.6.2 Tailoring Treatments to DOT Functions and Development Stages
		9.6.3 Mechanical Controls
			Mowing
			Manual Removal - Pulling Weeds and Seed Head Cutting
			Tilling and Disking
			Cutting/Brushing and Management of Woody Vegetation
			Cleaning Mowing, Cutting, and Removal Equipment
		9.6.4 Physical Methods
			Covering
			Controlled Burns
			Grazing
			Changing Abiotic Factors
			Hunting and Other Use of Non-Indigenous Species
		9.6.5 Chemical Methods
			Herbicide Use as Part of an IVM Program
			Responding to Public Concerns of Herbicide with IRVM and Improved Stewardship Practice
			New Equipment to Focus and Minimize Herbicide Application
			Performance Indicators for Herbicide Use
			On-line Sources of Information
		9.6.6 Biological Control of Invasive Species
			Different Types of Biological Controls
			Biocontrol Resources on the Web
		9.6.7 Cultural Controls
			Review and Pretreatment of Construction and Materials Sites
			Protection of Native Populations
			Vehicle Cleaning Practices
			Soil Management on Construction Sites
			Shoulder Grading
		9.6.8 Revegetation Through Restoration of Native Species
			DelDOT-Livable Delaware Program to Revegetate with Native
			Iowa DOT Revegetation Program
			Illinois DOT Enhancement and Maintenance Projects Restore Prairie, Native Wildflower
			TxDOT Pilot on Context Sensitive and Natural Landscape Design in the Highway Right-of-Way
			TxDOT and Houston Green Ribbon Program
			FHWA Recommendations for Designing with Native Vegetation
	9.7. Management of Visual Quality of the Roadside
	9.8. Staffing, Training, & Partnerships
		9.8.1 Central IRVM Staff Person
		9.8.2 Coordinate with Other DOTs to Pool Experience in Tackling Priority Invasive Species
		9.8.3 Partnerships Extend DOT Capacity
			Parnerships with Other Agencies
			Partnerships with Non-Governmental Organizations and Quasi-Governmental Organizations
			Partnerships with Weed Management Areas or Districts
			Parnerships with Private Landowners
			Cooperative Efforts Across State Lines
			Parnerships with Utilities
			Dealing with Private Property Issues
		9.8.4 DOTs "Lessons Learned" Regarding Internal Communication and Ownership
			Legislative Considerations
			Upper Management
			Maintenance Supervisors
			Maintenance Staff
		9.8.5 Training Approaches
		9.8.6 Public Outreach
		9.8.7 Educational Resources, Information Sources, and Databases
Chapter 10: Roadside Management and Maintenance: Beyond Vegetation
	10.1. Environmental Enhancement Practices and Partnership Efforts
		10.1.1 Water Quality Retrofit Programs
			MDSHA's Water Quality Improvement and Retrofit Program
			Outfall Categorization and Improvement at Florida and Washington State DOTs
		10.1.2 Wetland Enhancement
			PennDOT Staff Partner to Enhance Local Wetlands
		10.1.3 Terrestrial Habitat Enhancement
			NYSDOT's Guidance for Placing Nest Boxes in ROW
			DOT Bat Boxes
			Bridge Related Enhancements
			Reduced Mowing at DOTs to Conserve Resources, Bird Habitat, and Native Species
			Iowa DOT Roadside Native Species Restoration Program in Maintenance
		10.1.4 Identifying and Implementing Aquatic Connectivity (Fish Passage) Improvements
			Oregon DOT Culvert Retrofit and Replacement Program Agreement
		10.1.5 Installation/Improvement of Public Fishing Access
			NYSDOT Public Access Enhancement and Partnership
		10.1.6 Extending Highway Maintenance Activities to Bicycle Trails
	10.2. Protection of Historic and Other Cultural Resources
	10.3. Maintenance in Wetlands
	10.4. Maintenance Near Waterbodies
			Kentucky Transportation Cabinet's New BMP Manual for Maintenance Activities In and Around Streams
	10.5. Maintenance of Structures for Wildlife
	10.6. Maintenance of Stormwater Facilities
		10.6.1 State DOT Inventory, Tracking, and Prioritization Systems
			MDSHA Inventory System for Water Quality Improvement/Retrofitting
			Minnesota DOT System for Inventorying Hydraulic Conveyance Structures
			Michigan DOT and Local Studies to Prioritize Funding of Stormwater Retrofits
	10.7. Maintenance of Roadside Public Facilities
		10.7.1 Potential Pollutant Sources and Environmental Stewardship Practices
		10.7.2 Graffiti Removal
		10.7.3 Electrical Maintenance
	10.8. Management of Portable Sanitary/Septic Waste Systems
	10.9. Maintenance of Shoulders and Roadway Appurtenances
		10.9.1 Cleaning/Sweeping of Shoulders
		10.9.2 Shoulder Grading, Widening, Blading, or Rebuilding
		10.9.3 Guardrail Maintenance and Replacement
		10.9.4 Attenuator Maintenance
		10.9.5 Luminaire Replacement to Reduce Light Pollution and Increase Energy Efficiency
			Light Minimization and Energy Efficiency Practices
			Oregon DOT Illumination Reduction Practices
		10.9.6 Use of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Traffic Signals to Reduce Energy Usage
	10.10. Sweeping and Vacuuming of Roads, Decks, Water Quality Facilities, and Bridge Scuppers
	10.11. Maintenance Stewardship Practices for Slopes, Drainage Ditches, Swales, and Diversions
		10.11.1 Drainage Ditch and Channel Maintenance
			Ditch Cleaning Practices
		10.11.2 Evaluating Ditches and Culverts for Water Quality and Function
			Culvert Management Systems
			Drainage Ditch Evaluation
			Evaluation of Other Drainage Structures
		10.11.3 Drain and Culvert Maintenance for Water Quality and Fish Passage
		10.11.4 Evaluating and Ranking Slope Stability and Chronic Environmental Deficiencies
			Washington State DOT Chronic Environmental Deficiencies (CED) Program & Rating to Prioritize Sites
		10.11.5 Slope Repair Practices
	10.12. Erosion and Sediment Control in Maintenance
		10.12.1 Evaluating and Ranking Roadside Erosion Control Problem Areas
			PennState's Dirt & Gravel Roads Center System for Identifying and Ranking Erosion Control Problem Areas
	10.13. Recycling in Roadside Maintenance Operations
		10.13.1 Use of Compost to Stabilize Steep Slopes and Prevent Erosion and Sediment Control
		10.13.2 Composting Deer Carcasses
		10.13.3 Recycling and Reducing Waste/Emission
			Missouri DOT's Efforts to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
			Mass Highway's Pollution Prevention Program for Construction and Maintenance
	10.14. Preserving Air Quality in Maintenance and Operations
			Ozone Action Days
			Regular Vehicle Maintenance and Tune-Ups
			Alternate Fuel Vehicles and Refueling Stations
			Night Refueling and "Don't Top off the Tank" Policies
			Truck Stop Electrification
			Atmospheric Dispersion of Deicing Salt Applied To Roads
			Open Burning
	10.15. Painting Operation Stormwater BMPs
	10.16. Road Waste Management
		10.16.1 Stormwater System Residuals and "Vactor Waste:" Catch Basin, Sump and Line Cleanout
		10.16.2 Road and Roadside Dirt and Debris
			Winter Road Sand
			Ditching Spoils and Sediment Pond Cleanout
			Landscape Cuttings: Greenwaste
			Construction Site Soils and Slide Debris
		10.16.3 Disposal and Re-use Options
			Re-use of Roadwaste
			Treatment Options
			Disposal Options
	10.17. Stockpiling, Spoil Disposal or Placement of Inert Fill
	10.18. Maintenance of Soils
	10.19. Emergency Actions
	10.20. Field Review of Roadside Maintenance Operations
			Caltrans Maintenance Activity Pollution Prevention Program
			South Carolina DOT Quality Management of Maintenance Activities
			WSDOT's Maintenance Accountability Process and Environmental Factors
Chapter 11: Appendix
	11.1. Florida DOT Environmental Policy
	11.2. Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Environmental Policy
	11.3. Maine Dot Environmental Policy
	11.4. North Carolina DOT Environmental Stewardship Policy
	11.5. PennDOT's Green Plan Policy Statement
	11.6. Washington State Dot Environmental Policy
	11.7. New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority Environmental Policy
	11.8. Texas Environmental Commitment Checklist
	11.9. Maine DOT Environmental and Safety Auditing Policy and Procedure
	11.10. Maine DOT Corrective Action Request Form
	11.11. Mass Highway Compliance Tracking Methods
	11.12. Mass Highway Compliance Tracking Roles and Responsibilities
	11.13. Mass Highway Self-Audit Procedure
	11.14. Mass Highway Facility Self-Audit Checklist
	11.15. Mass Highway Environmental Roles & Responsibilities
	11.16. Mass Highway Environmental Section EMS Roles and Responsibilities
	11.17. Mass Highway Operations Division EMS Roles and Responsibilities
	11.18. Mass Highway District EMS Roles and Responsibilities
	11.19. Mass Highway Training Expectations By Role
	11.20. Mass Highway Environmental Training Program Roles and Responsibilities
	11.21. PennDOT District 10 SEMP Responsibility Table
	11.22. PennDOT District 10 SEMP Training Table
	11.23. NYSDOT Construction/Environmental Training Schedule
	11.24. Environmental Checklist for MoDOT Facilities
	11.25. PennDOT Stockpile Quality Assurance Responsibilities
	11.26. PennDOT 15-Minute Stockpile Walkaround
	11.27. PennDOT Stockpile Snapshot
	11.28. PennDOT Maintenance Stockpile Activity Protocol
	11.29. PennDOT Post-Storm Salt Management Tracking Responsibilities
	11.30. Risk, Compliance Issues, and Management Examples for Highway-Generated Waste - Oregon DOT
	11.31. NYSDOT-DEC Deer Carcass Composting – Practice Guidelines
	11.32. NYSDOT's Draft Metric for Assessing Performance of Integrated Vegetation Management on ROW
	11.33. NCDOT Roadside Vegetation Management Guidelines in Marked Areas

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